Vitamin B12

Role in the nervous system:
As already mentioned, vitamin B12 is essential for myelin formation. Myelin is a fatty substance that surrounds nerve fibers in the form of a protective sheath. This sheath enables efficient and rapid transmission of electrical signals between nerve cells. Without sufficient myelin, these signals may be delayed or not transmitted at all, leading to neurological symptoms.

Deepening into polyneuropathy:
Polyneuropathy refers to a group of disorders characterized by damage to the peripheral nerves that transmit information between the brain, spinal cord and the rest of the body. Symptoms can include tingling, numbness, muscle weakness, and pain in the affected areas.

A deficiency of vitamin B12 can disrupt myelin synthesis and thus lead to degeneration of the protective myelin sheath. This can impair nerve function and lead to the characteristic symptoms of polyneuropathy.

Additionally, research has shown that vitamin B12 deficiency can not only affect peripheral nerves, but can also lead to damage in the central nervous system. This can lead to symptoms such as memory loss, disorientation and difficulty walking.

Therapeutic significance:
Timely detection and treatment of vitamin B12 deficiency can slow or even reverse the progression of polyneuropathy.

folic acid

Role in the nervous system:
Folic acid, also known as vitamin B9, is essential in the human body, particularly for processes such as DNA synthesis and cell division. Regarding the nervous system, it plays a key role in early neural development. It supports the proper development of the neural tube during fetal development, which in turn is crucial for the formation of the brain and spinal cord.

Relation to polyneuropathy:
A deficiency in folic acid can lead to an increased concentration of homocysteine ​​in the blood, an amino acid that can have neurotoxic effects at too high levels. Elevated homocysteine ​​levels can increase the risk of vascular complications, which in turn promotes the development of vascular neuropathy. Symptoms are similar to those of other neuropathies and can include numbness, tingling and muscle weakness.

Therapeutic significance:
Detecting and treating folic acid deficiency can be crucial to preventing or reducing neurological damage and complications. Supplementary treatment with folic acid can correct deficiencies and help prevent neuropathic conditions. However, it is essential that such treatment is undertaken in consultation with a doctor to ensure that it is both safe and effective.

Vitamin B6

Role in the nervous system:
As is known, each vitamin has its unique role in the human body. Vitamin B6, also known as pyridoxine, plays a central role in numerous biological processes. It is significantly involved in the production of amino acids and neurotransmitters. These neurotransmitters, such as serotonin, dopamine, and gamma-aminobutyric acid, are essential for mood regulation, sleep cycles, and overall cognitive function. A balanced amount of vitamin B6 is therefore essential for the proper functioning of our nervous system.

Relation to polyneuropathy:
Polyneuropathy is a disease in which multiple peripheral nerves are affected. A persistent deficiency of vitamin B6 can lead to worsening nerve function and cause symptoms such as tingling, numbness and muscle weakness. Surprisingly, however, excessive intake of vitamin B6 can also have a neurotoxic effect and cause similar neuropathic symptoms.

Therapeutic significance:
Regulating vitamin B6 levels is important from both a preventive and therapeutic perspective. If a deficiency is identified, supplementation with vitamin B6 can help reduce or even prevent symptoms. However, it is crucial that dosage is carried out under the supervision of a specialist doctor to avoid overdoses and the associated risks.